reason

Intelligence. How is it measured?

Posted on by Mykola Krasnostup

The modern researchers are actively discussing such concepts as “intellect”, “intelligence”, “artificial intelligence”, “natural intelligence”, “Human intelligence“, etc., but up to this day no one has ever offered an approach to measuring the scale of intelligence of various beings. This article is the first attempt to move in this direction.

I want to pay your attention that there is a slight difference between my terms and the modern scientific ones. From my point of view, it allows us to see cognitive process in a more realistic light …

The MIND is a set of «thinking» abilities of the Brain (a set of Brain Powers), which enable the Body and the Personality of a Human Being to effectively process information during cognition, i.e.:

  • the maximum amount of data processed;
  • the maximum data processing speed;
  • a variety of processed data;
  • a variety of the methods of information input for further processing;
  • a variety of the methods of information output after it has been processed;
  • etc.

This set of abilities we call as “capacities of thinking”.  People who are able to effectively think, have always been called “thinkers”.

MIND is the objective characteristic (a set of parameters) of an object, which can be accurately measured, using the appropriate techniques.

Many objects are able to independently systematize (generalize, comprehend) information about the outside world during cognition. Such information (systematized knowledge) is called «consciousness» of objects, and objects themselves are called «conscious».

 

CONSCIOUSNESS is the objective characteristic (parameter) of an object. Consciousness can be accurately measured, using the appropriate techniques.

But there are objects that we call «creatures». They are able both to systematize information about the outside World and to use their «experience and knowledge» (their consciousness) in their activities.

 

REASON is the integral ability of Beings to use the accumulated «experience and knowledge» in their activities; it is this ability that distinguishes them from objects which are simply conscious. If the Beings have “reason”, they will possess abilities to analyze, abstract, generalize, logically think …

That is why «creatures» at all times were called “reasonable“, that is experienced, knowledgeable. And their activity was also considered to be “reasonable“.

 

INTELLIGENCE  is a property of an object that characterizes its ability to cognize the World (in the broadest sense of this word) by a heuristic method based on the object’s:

  • MIND; «thinking» abilities;
  • CONSCIOUSNESS; the volume of systematized information about the world (the volume of accumulated experience and knowledge):
  • REASON; ability to fully or partly use consciousness in certain activities.

INTELLECTUAL is the characteristic of a Being with excellent «cogitative» («thinking») abilities, great knowledge and personal experience, which ultimately allows him to take more correct decisions in his activity.

But intellect can also be expressed mathematically as a variable that changes in time and depends on three main variable functions:

Intelligence (t) = f(«thinking» abilities, t) * f(The volume of systematized information or the volume of Consciousness, t) * f(The amount of consciousness used for activities or Reason, t)

I(t) = f(TA, t) * f(C, t) * f(M, t)

I = Intelligence
TA = «Thinking» Abilities
C = Volume of Consciousness or Volume of Systematized Information
M = The Мind or a part of Consciousness used for performing one’s activity
t = time

Thus, «intelligence» is the variable in time objective characteristic (parameter) of an object; it can be accurately measured, using the appropriate techniques.

P.S.
Of course, everything I’ve mentioned above is a very simplified model for defining “intelligence” of any Being. But this model really works. Its effectiveness differs it from all the rest models existing nowadays.

The methods to complete creative tasks, bypassing the standard algorithms of brain functioning

Posted on by Mykola Krasnostup

One can imagine a typical thinking process of the human being as a virtual funnel, the walls of which represent his consciousness (all systematized knowledge and experience), and water running along the inner walls of this funnel will represent a thinking process.

 The cores of a thinking process during cognition of the World (in the broadest sense of this word) are one`s mind (brainpower) and reason (abilities to use accumulated ‘knowledge and experience’ in one’s activity). But after all, a person who thinks about something and who uses during thinking only own consciousness will never be able to complete creative tasks, since this process already requires abilities that are beyond his personal experience and knowledge, i.e. beyond his ‘funnel’, beyond his consciousness.

The standard algorithm of the brain functioning that is conventionally called “water logic” presupposes during thinking a constant interaction of one`s mind, reason and consciousness. The term “water logic” means that “water” running along the inner walls of a funnel will always fall into one and the same lower part of it in spite of various other ways for running. In other words, using only own experience and knowledge will always lead to one and the same result in thinking process in the furtherance of any tasks.

There are good reasons why people say that a well-posed question is already half an answer! To pose a question, people use their own accumulated knowledge and experience. But it isn`t enough for creative questions and for creative answers as well.

What are necessary to do for blustering way out of this virtual funnel, i.e. for finding another creative decision?

Many years ago, the theory of solving inventive problems and theory of the development of technical systems were developed exactly for these purposes. The author of these systems is Heinrich Saulovich Altshuller, a science fiction writer, scientist and inventor. These theories demonstrated for the first time that people can develop their inventive abilities, taking into account inventive experience of numerous predecessors, which was tabulated by Henrik Saulowicz on the ‘problem — solving method’ principle. This table also helped many inventors to bluster way out of their ‘funnels’, i.e. to bluster way out of using only their personal experience and knowledge.

What can an inventor do if the tables of Altshuller are not suitable for him, since using them is already impossible to solve inventive tasks in many new fields such as microbiology, quantum physics, research of artificial intelligence, etc.?

In this case, researchers can use the author`s hardware-software Fable Search Engine complex, the functioning principle of which was previously described in one of the articles of this blog. This complex is intended to assist the modern inventors in solving the creative tasks, using another knowledge that, as a rule, isn`t a part of their own consciousnesses (knowledge and experience they have accumulated).

Based on the previously developed functioning principle, the author created Fable Search Engine (FSE), which allows everyone to check this theory and to assure himself of its 100% working efficiency. The functioning principle of FSE is quite simple, but everyone should personally think about the main interaction principles between this engine and the human beings` Personalities. Using this approach, the principles of the Universe will not be defied.

Use your brain, your intelligence… put your brain to good use… think, reckon up in your head, ponder, contemplate, reason for a while, think over … and you will definitely understand the functioning principle of Fable Search Engine. If you don`t fully understand the functioning principle of FSE, then read this article once again from the very beginning.

Good luck!

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